Os Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPIs) são itens essenciais para a segurança no ambiente de trabalho, assegurando a integridade física do empregado. Os EPIs amenizam e protegem os riscos de acidentes em ambientes com condições vulneráveis a lesões, quedas, umidade, e outros fatores que podem interferir na saúde física do trabalhador.
Os equipamentos são desenvolvidos visando uma proteção específica para cada tipo de função desempenhada, levando em conta também o nível de exposição aos riscos de cada atividade exercida. Os calçados de segurança correspondem ao conjunto de itens necessários para assegurar a minimização destes riscos, sendo encontrados no mercado com grande variação de modelos para cada profissional. Muitas vezes o trabalhador e até mesmo o empregador se questiona quanto ao uso rigoroso deste equipamento. Por que utilizar calçados de segurança é uma demanda importante?
Quais as vantagens oferecidas na utilização de um calçado apropriado?
No Brasil, há sérias implementações políticas obrigatórias de construção de estratégias para a proteção do trabalhador. Em ambientes de trabalho com grande risco de lesão, como fábricas e indústrias, seu uso se torna ainda mais importante, a fim de evitar bolhas, cortes, queimaduras e dores por extensos períodos de movimentação.
Se o trabalho exige uma dinâmica ativa por parte do trabalhador, é de extrema importância que o calçado que irá acompanhá-lo durante a jornada esteja ajustado ao seu conforto. Caso haja a negligência do uso ou do oferecimento do equipamento por parte do empregador, o desempenho do trabalhador pode ser gravemente afetado, levando ainda a consequências indenizatórias caso haja algum acidente.
Como escolher o sapato certo para a atividade profissional?
Os calçados se dividem em botas, botinas e sapatos, e podem ter solado de poliuretano (PU) — que podem ser em monodensidade e bidensidade — e PVC.
Na fabricação dos calçados com monodensidade é feita apenas uma injeção de poliuretano, ou seja, o calçado é formado por apenas uma peça, sem emendas, enquanto que nos com bidensidade são realizadas duas injeções: uma compacta, formando a parte que tem contato direto com o solo, e a outra entre a sola, que proporcionará mais conforto ao usuário e durabilidade ao calçado.
Para atividades que envolvem alta temperatura o indicado é o uso de solados de borracha nitrílica ou em fibra de carbono. Já para operações com água exigem calçados hidrofugados ou impermeabilizados — de preferência calçados em PVC e com solado em PVC ou PU (bota inteira).
Quais medidas devem ser tomadas visando o incentivo do uso do calçado?
A maior parte da não utilização dos sapatos é acompanhada de reclamações relacionadas ao conforto que os EPIs oferecem aos pés. Para isso, o funcionário deve experimentar o calçado e sentir que está bem ajustado aos pés. A bota deve oferecer espaço aos dedos e também para as meias sobressalentes. Se deve ter ainda atenção às áreas como tornozelo e calcanhar, mesmo com o cadarço amarrado. Os cadarços devem ser amarrados sempre corretamente, a fim de não precisar também de ser reajustado durante a atividade.
Como verificar se os empregados estão utilizando corretamente?
A fiscalização do uso correto dos calçados de segurança é imprescindível para a tranquilidade do empresário e de seus funcionários. Mas melhor que vigiar, é educar o trabalhador a atuar com disciplina e discernimento, reclamando a troca e manutenção das botas quando necessário. O empregador deve ter sempre à disposição dos empregados calçados sobressalentes, para o caso de perda, extravio, ou mesmo algum acidente que danifique o material.
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