Quais os direitos e deveres dos trabalhadores com atestado médico?

71 comentários


O atestado médico: documento gera direitos e deveres do trabalhadores e empresários

O atestado médico é um documento utilizado para declarar o estado da saúde física ou mental do trabalhador. Ele pode ser utilizado durante a demissão ou admissão de um funcionário ou para declarar o estado de sua saúde em um determinado momento.

Sabia que esse benefício é garantido na legislação trabalhista e deve ser respeitado pelo empregador? Confira as regras para conceder esses direitos corretamente!

Abono de faltas

No caso de doenças ou incapacidade momentânea, o atestado serve para abonar as faltas do empregado. Ele deve ser fornecido pelo médico e o conteúdo fica a cargo do profissional.

O atestado é um direito do paciente e o médico tem o dever de fornecê-lo. Além da declaração de saúde, existe o atestado de sanidade, de afastamento e de perícia médica.

Ele deve ser redigido em papel timbrado e constar o nome completo do paciente, a data e a hora do atendimento, assim como o período de afastamento e a necessidade de ausência. É necessário que o nome do médico esteja em letra legível e deve constar também o seu número de registro no Conselho Regional de Medicina.

Quando buscar atendimento médico

Está previsto em lei que o trabalhador deve seguir uma ordem na hora de buscar pelo atendimento médico, se não for caso de urgência. Preferencialmente, deve-se tentar a consulta com o médico da empresa ou do convênio, depois de sindicatos, da rede pública, de médico particular e, por último, uma agência da Previdência Social.

A lei não estipula qual deve ser o prazo de entrega do documento, deixando a cargo das empresas estabelecerem esse período em seus regulamentos internos. No entanto, se o funcionário estiver totalmente incapacitado, o ideal é que essa entrega seja feita por parentes, a fim de evitar o desconto no pagamento ou providenciar a entrada no INSS (Instituto Nacional de Seguridade Social).

Não podemos deixar de citar também que não existe previsão legal para abono de faltas para acompanhantes, como pode acontecer no caso de um pai levar o filho ao consultório. A emissão desse atestado é facultativo e seu recebimento pela empresa também. Mas essa decisão pode ser regularizada em acordo, convenção ou dissídio coletivo.

Falsificação do atestado

O atestado médico tem fé pública, ou seja, é considerado verdadeiro até que se prove o contrário. Mesmo que haja desconfianças da veracidade, a empresa não pode recusar o recebimento desse documento.

Se achar necessário, a instituição pode entrar em contato com o médico que forneceu o atestado para confirmar as informações ou solicitar que uma junta médica avalie o trabalhador novamente. Caso seja comprovada a irregularidade de suas declarações, o trabalhador e o profissional da saúde que emitiu o atestado podem ser responsabilizados legalmente. A falsificação do documento pode gerar a demissão do funcionário por justa causa, além de uma punição penal de até 6 anos de reclusão para quem emitiu e utilizou o documento falso.

Restou alguma dúvida ou gostaria de fazer alguma observação sobre o assunto? Deixe o seu comentário abaixo e até o próximo post!

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71 Comentários

  1. Maria Aparecida

    Sou funcionário de uma escola estadual quero saber se mesmo apresentando atestado médico tenho que repor a falta.

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